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this is albert bandura

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he is a canadian american psychologist

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who studied how people learn by

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observing both the actions of others

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and the consequences of those actions in

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his early career bandera was

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critical of behaviorism a theory that

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asserts all learning is based on

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conditioning

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whereby environmental stimuli shapes our

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actions for bandera

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a theory that denies that thoughts can

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regulate actions

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does not lend itself readily to the

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explanation of complex human behavior

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in lieu of a behavioral view of teaching

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and learning

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bandura proposed a social cognitive

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theory

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that focuses on people having agency to

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make choices

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and attain goals concepts involving

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social influences

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achievement outcomes and self-influences

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are part of a dynamic system

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that are in constant interaction with

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one another specific concepts such as

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self-efficacy

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agency and self-regulated learning are

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fundamental in social cognitive theories

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we will look at two main ideas from

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bandura

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first modeling for bandura learning by

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observing others is a key part of social

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cognitive theory

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we may ask what causes a person to learn

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and perform specific behaviors and

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skills modeled by

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others well several factors play a role

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first to learn through observation we

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have to pay

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attention imagine someone learning how

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to play basketball

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from a more experienced player paying

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attention would include

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both selective attention which is paying

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attention to the correct cues and

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information such as

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how you can dribble a basketball as well

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as sustained attention

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that is maintaining focus during a

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basketball practice

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second you need retention perhaps

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through practice

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the person can remember the steps in

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learning how to properly dribble the

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basketball towards the basket

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third once we understand and experience

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a behavior

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the production phase helps makes the

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behavior smoother with more and more

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practice and feedback

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from the experienced player lastly we

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should include motivation to pay

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attention

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and reinforcement to maintain learning

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through persistence

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the coach or role model can help

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reinforce the production of the behavior

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by complementing the good form in

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shooting the basketball

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now another main concept within social

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cognitive theory is

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self-efficacy for bandura people's

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beliefs about their abilities

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have a profound effect on those

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abilities ability is not a fixed

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property

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there is a huge variability in how you

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perform

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people who have a sense of self-efficacy

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bounce back from failure they approach

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things in terms of how to handle them

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rather than worrying about what can go

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wrong

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bandura identified four sources of

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self-efficacy

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first mastery experiences are our own

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personal and direct experiences these

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are usually the most powerful sources of

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efficacy information

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for example if you are learning how to

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draw

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your success is ultimately attributed to

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your ability

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persistence and effort second there is a

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degree of

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physiological arousal that affects

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self-efficacy

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as you are learning to draw are you

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anxious and worried

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which lowers efficacy or are you excited

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and psyched which tends to raise

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efficacy

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third there are vicarious experiences

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where someone else models

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accomplishments

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as you learn to draw you may watch a

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youtube channel or tv show that models

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how to draw

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the more closely you identify with the

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artists of that show

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the greater the impact on self-efficacy

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lastly

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social persuasion from teachers or peers

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can be helpful

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social persuasion alone can't create

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enduring

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increases in self-efficacy but it can

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lead to a momentary increase in

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self-efficacy

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enabling students to make better efforts

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or try hard enough to succeed

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i hope you enjoyed this short summary of

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Albert Bandura

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and his social cognitive theory

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]